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The condition indicated by a lateral curvature of the spine is scoliosis. This deformity involves a sideways curvature of the spine, often diagnosed in adolescents during growth spurts. Unlike lordosis, which refers to an inward curvature (typically in the lumbar region), and kyphosis, which indicates an excessive outward curvature (usually in the thoracic region), scoliosis specifically describes a lateral bending. Osteoporosis, on the other hand, is a condition characterized by weakened bones and is not primarily associated with curvature of the spine but rather with an increased risk of fractures. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.