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A compression fracture occurs when the vertebrae in the spine are crushed or collapses, which can happen due to various factors such as trauma, tumors, or osteoporosis. In situations like osteoporosis, bones become brittle and are more susceptible to fractures from minor stress or weight. When the vertebrae collapse, it can lead to pain, reduced mobility, and other complications related to spinal stability.

The other options, while they may involve different types of injuries or conditions, do not accurately describe the specific nature of a compression fracture. For instance, dislocation of bones pertains to joints rather than the vertebral structure itself. Substantial bleeding is typically associated with more severe injuries or trauma but is not a direct result of a compression fracture. A partial fracture without a complete break suggests a different type of fracture that doesn't fully capture the nature of compression fractures, which involve a significant collapse of the vertebra.