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Synovial membranes are specialized connective tissues that play a crucial role in joint health and function. A defining characteristic of these membranes is their ability to secrete synovial fluid, which is vital for lubricating the joints. This lubrication helps reduce friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement, thereby facilitating smooth motion and providing nourishment to the cartilage.

The secretion of synovial fluid also contributes to shock absorption, cushioning the joints against impact and preventing damage during physical activity. This function is essential for maintaining the integrity and longevity of the joints, highlighting why recognizing the role of synovial fluid is fundamental in understanding the anatomy and physiology of synovial membranes.

Other choices do not accurately describe synovial membranes. For instance, synovial membranes do not consist of multiple layers of connective tissue, nor are they associated with brain cavities or surface coverings of organs.